<p>Twin Trees Farm is a historic home located at Richboro, Northampton Township, Bucks County, Pennsylvania. The first section was built about 1740–1760, and is a -story, one room rubble brownstone structure with an attic above. The larger section was built in 1779, and is a -story, five-bay, cut brownstone house in the Georgian style. The rear side is built of rubble fieldstone.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1975.</p><br>
<p>The Willow Mill Complex is a complex of historic buildings that is located in Richboro, Northampton Township, Bucks County, Pennsylvania.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2002.</p><br>
<h2>History and architectural features</h2><br>
<p>This complex consists of the Shaw-Leedom House and spring house/smoke house and the Howard Sager House, wagon house, and grist mill.</p><br>
<p>The Shaw-Leedom House was built circa 1800, and is a -story, five-bay, stone dwelling with a gable roof that was designed in the Federal style. It has a -story, two-bay stone wing believed to be the kitchen wing from an earlier house. The adjacent stone spring/smoke house was also built circa 1800. The Willow Mill was built during the 1840s, and is a four-story stone building that was converted to residential use in 1938.</p><br>
<p>The Sager House was built in 1847, and is a -story, three-bay, ashlar stone building. It has a gable roof with dormers and shed roof "Dutch Stoop" kitchen wing. Associated with it is a two-story, frame wagon house that dates to the nineteenth century.</p><br>
<p>This complex was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2002.</p><br>
<p>Benjamin Riegel House is a historical home built in 1832 in Riegelsville, Pennsylvania in the Lehigh Valley region of eastern Pennsylvania.</p><br>
<p>The house was constructed in Georgian style house. Benjamin Riegel, its initial owner and resident, was a miller by trade, owned several area mills, and was instrumental in the development of Riegelsville, Pennsylvania and Riegelsville, New Jersey. He resided in the house until his death in 1860; his widow resided there until her death two decades later, in 1880.</p><br>
<p>In 1986, in recognition of the home&#39;s historical significance, it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Since 2010, the property has been privately owned by Dr. and Mrs. Neal Azrolan.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>Built in 1832, the house bears resemblance to the "I" houses that was common to early homes in eastern Pennsylvania and New Jersey. Deeper and containing a more formal interior than the typical "I" house, its structure differs in the use of decorative trim and the use of building materials. In choosing brick, Riegel opted for a building material common at the time to urban areas outside of Bucks County but uncommon to Upper Bucks and the Musconetcong area due to the proliferation of native stone and wood. The result was a graceful building befitting the owner&#39;s successful miller and merchant status. The Riegel house resemblse several Riegel family stone farmhouses in Lower Saucon Township, Pennsylvania, in size and form but appears to have been influenced more by the styles of more urban areas at the time, especially in Philadelphia and Burlington, New Jersey, where the use of brick proliferated.</p><br>
<p>In keeping with the urban orientation of the house, the barn is diminutive with its size indicating its purpose was for personal, rather than agricultural, use.</p><br>
<p>The Benjamin Riegel House is a -story, five-bay, brick structure located at 29 Delaware Road. The house and its outbuildings stand on a strip of land bordered to the east the Delaware River and to the west by the Delaware Division Canal. It is one of the earliest and most substantial dwellings to be erected in the settlement which became Riegelsville.</p><br>
<p>The residence exhibits several vernacular Georgian building characteristics and decorative features, including balanced front and side façades, a centered front door with an entablature supported by pilasters, horizontally and vertically aligned windows, a gabled roof, and interior end chimneys. The original section, erected in 1832, has a rectangular plan of 40 by 24. A two-story ell was added to the rear of the house prior to 1860. There is a shed roofed porch, replaced in 1985, on the rear at the junction of the original section and the ell addition. To the rear of the house are situated a barn circa 1832 and shed which appears to date from the time of the ell addition.</p><br>
<h2>Exterior</h2><br>
<p>The exterior façade of the house is brick. The front façade is Flemish bond while the side and rear facades are common bond. The exterior bears a few restrained decorative details including a box cornice with dentil molding, the latter on the front façade only, windows set off with a simple architrave, and a belt or drip course on the west façade. The surrounds of the front door of the original section facing the main road and the side door of the ell addition facing the canal are of equal restraint, featuring entablatures with dentils, fluted pilasters, and paneled reveals and headers. The rear doors are surrounded by simple architrave trim. The front and rear doors of the original section are centered. The latter is diminutive, paneled, and glazed with one large pane. All 32 windows in the house have 1/1 sash. The bays of the front and side facades of the original section are equally spaced with upper level bays set directly above those below. This treatment is duplicated on the west wall of the ell addition with two bays on each story.</p><br>
<p>The fenestration of the main section&#39;s rear façade was originally balanced, with three bays. It is partially obscured by the addition and displays a window on the first story with a second story window set directly above. Above the rear door is a diminutive window set at the staircase and to the left of the rear door is a circa 1920 small single pane window. The fenestration of the north and east walls of the addition is irregular. The north wall contains a single window which is set at the second story while the east wall contains one door on the first story with no bay above and one window on the first story with a window, not set directly above, on the second story. The doors on the west and east facades of the addition are both paneled and glazed with single panes. The original section features four fireplaces, two on each floor at gable ends, and has a full basement with a native stone foundation. Joists in the attic and basement are hand-cut. Roof rafters at the peak are held together with pegs.</p><br>
<p>Contained in the full length center hall of this section is an open well, two flight staircase which features a simple newel post, mahogany handrail, plain balusters, and side paneling with applied molding. The hall is flanked by two parlors on the first floor and two bedrooms on the second. A powder room was erected on the first floor off the center hall circa 1920.</p><br>
<p>The ell addition was erected over a crawl space, with notched and nailed roof rafters supporting a gable roof. The addition is composed of a bathroom and dressing room on the second floor and a kitchen on the first floor. The interior walls of both sections are of smoothly finished plaster and decorated with quirk beaded chair rails and baseboards. Ceilings on both the first and second floors are ten feet high. The trim of the fireplace in the east bedroom features colonettes, a convex frieze, bed-molding, and mantle shelf. Decorative painting has been uncovered on the frieze and trim of the fireplace in the west bedroom as well as on the window and door trim and baseboards of the room. The floors are of random width boards of long leaf yellow pine, some up to 18" in width.</p><br>
<h2>Outbuildings</h2><br>
<p>Complementing the house are two outbuildings, a bank barn and a shed. The barn is 30 by 30, two and one half stories, and is of frame construction on a stone foundation. It has post and beam construction with pegged mortise and tenon joints. Structural joists are hand-hewn oak and black walnut timbers with adze marks and original bark plainly visible. The 12 by 14 one story frame shed is erected on a stone foundation and features post and beam construction, nailed joints, and open eave exposed rafters.</p><br>
<p>Exterior alterations to the house and its outbuildings for the most part have been associated with the numerous floods of the Delaware River and as such are part of the houses history. There are no visible effects of the various floods on the interior. Damage caused by the flood of 1903 necessitated the replacement of windows and several doors. At the same time, the brick exterior was painted and one story, hipped roof porches were added to the front and west façades. The flood of 1936 damaged the northeast wall of the barns stone foundation and resulted in the wall&#39;s partial replacement with poured concrete.</p><br>
<p>A one-story shed roof enclosed porch was added to the rear of the house in the late nineteenth century, encompassing the cistern. Damage caused by the flood of 1955 necessitated the removal of all three porches. As part of the clean-up from the flood, the exterior paint was removed with an unknown cleaning material. The methodology was changed after workers damaged the surface of the brick on a portion of the east façade of the rear addition. The shed, swept off its foundation and moved several blocks by the 1955 flood, was subsequently returned to its original location. The current one-story porch, glass-enclosed with a metal shed roof, at the rear of the house, is situated on the site of the nineteenth-century porch and a c. 1960 replacement. None of these alterations has greatly affected the integrity of the structure itself or its vernacular Georgian features.</p><br>
<h2>Restorations and Improvements</h2><br>
<p>In 1985, restoration work was undertaken on both the exterior and interior. Louvered shutters which were not original were removed due to their poor condition and were replaced with vernacular Georgian replicas. The exterior door surrounds on the front and west façades were duplicated to replace rotted woodwork. The circa 1903 front door was replaced. Following the outlines on the paneled reveals of the front entranceway, a transom, and solid wood door of original scale were installed. A redundant door on the rear façade of the original section, which had replaced a window at an unknown date, was replaced with a round-headed window without altering the opening. The brick of the upper third of each fireplace chimney was re-pointed. In the interior, layers of paint and varnish were removed from the floor boards. The trim in the center and upper hall, the west parlor and both bedrooms was repainted to match original paint colors. Following outlines on the walls and portions remaining under window sills, missing chair rails in the rooms of the original section were replaced. A partition erected at an unknown date in the west bedroom dividing it into two small rooms was removed as was a similar partition in the first floor east parlor. While replacing rotted floor joists in the kitchen wing, a sagging wall which divided the space into two small kitchen and dining areas was removed and not replaced.</p><br>
<p>Additional restorations and improvements we performed during the ownership of the Azrolans. In 2016, the kitchen was updated with a custom soapstone countertop, a new Jenn-Air range, as well as a new Kitchen-Aid dishwasher. In addition, a permanent 22 kW propane-powered generator was installed on a platform above the flood zone. The electric system was upgraded to 200 Amps, and circuit breakers were rewired above flood level. Seven mini-splits were installed away from the façade to provide heat and air-conditioning comfort for Dr. Azrolan and his wife Caroline. The main bath was remodeled and a claw-foot bathtub was installed to better represent the Georgian character of the home. In 2017 the house wood and the barn were repaired and then repainted with Georgian-era appropriate colors, and the shutters and their hardware were stripped and repainted.</p><br>
<p>In 2018, the wooden front and driveway gates, which were not consistent with Georgian vernacular, were replaced with matching metal gates and reclaimed brick pillars. In addition, a safety handrail was installed by the stairs to the deck. The dock and their stairs, destroyed during the flood of 2011, were replaced with an improved and durable set of stairs and a larger dock in 2019.</p><br>
<p>In 2020, a wood stove insert was installed in the living room fireplace, a register was installed to conduct heat to the second floor, and the chimneys were relined. These alterations have improved the integrity of the property itself, and have restored many of its vernacular Georgian features.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Benjamin Riegels association with the property began in 1822 when he purchased a 69-acre parcel of land that was formerly part of the Durham Tract. The southeast corner bordered a small settlement called Riegels Ferry and was across the Delaware River from a settlement called Musconetcong where Riegel was living at the time.</p><br>
<p>Riegel was born on his father&#39;s farm in Northampton County, Pennsylvania, in 1792, a third generation Pennsylvania German. He joined the large movement of Germans from Buchs and Northampton counties in Pennsylvania and New Jersey, purchasing a farm, and in 1823, purchasing a grist, saw, and oil mill complex in Musconetcong. Riegel built several homes in Musconetcong and "was so prominent a figure in the advancement of the interests of the place that its name was changed to Riegelsville in his honor."</p><br>
<p>Riegel moved back to Pennsylvania upon completion of the homes construction in 1832. The same year, the settlement was renamed Riegelsville in his honor. It consisted of a ferry landing and stone tavern house, both of which were operated by Riegels uncle, Benjamin Riegel, a farmer. A small store house was erected by Riegel to house products from his mills and to serve the growing Delaware River and canal trade.</p><br>
<p>After returning to Pennsylvania, Riegel continued operating his New Jersey mill complex until its sale to his son in 1843. The mill supplied wood for Riegel&#39;s house and sits subsequent construction in Riegelsville, Pennsylvania. Riegel also owned grist mills in present-day Lower Saucon Township, Pennsylvania from 1836 to 1842 and in Durham from 1845 to 1855. The Durham Mill and Furnace is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>Through Riegels direct and often singular involvement, the settlement evolved into a busy community offering stores, churches, postal service and bridge transportation. In 1834, he commissioned a surveyor to lay out twenty-four building lots on the southwestern portion of his tract which were soon after conveyed and developed by people who became the towns earliest settlers.</p><br>
<p>In 1877, land owned by others to the south and west was subdivided and made available to the public. He invested in and served as one of four directors of the Riegelsville Delaware River Bridge Co. from its inception in 1836 until his death in 1860. This company built one of the first river bridges in 1838, significantly improving transportation and communication throughout the area and providing an impetus for Riegelsvilles development. Riegel was one of the founders of the German Reformed congregation in Riegelsville and was instrumental in the building of the original church structure in 1850. He donated the land for the first churches of both the Presbyterian and Reformed congregations and the land that later was allocated for the town cemetery. Both buildings continue to serve the community; the German Reformed church has been converted to the boroughs fire house, and the Presbyterian and Reformed church still serves as a community church. Riegel also served as the town postmaster from 1848 until 1859.</p><br>
<p>Riegel resided in the house until his death in 1860, and his widow lived there until here death in 1880. In 1880, the house was inherited by Riegels son, John L. Riegel, who lived there during his teenage years while apprenticing at his fathers mills.</p><br>
<p>In 1866, John L. Riegel installed paper machinery in his late fathers New Jersey saw mill and began the manufacture of jute paper. By his death in 1893, his operation, which became known as the Riegel Paper Corporation and included three paper mills, was one of the largest employers in the region. The employment opportunities at the mills resulted in the continued growth of Riegelsville in the late 19th century. John L. Riegel followed in his fathers footsteps as the towns leading citizen, founding a preparatory academy which operated from 1883 until 1916 and establishing the Riegelsville Library, which remains in existence. He was a supporter of the local Reformed congregation and instrumental in the erection of its new church and parsonage in the 1870s. He replaced his father on the board of the bridge company and was also one of the original stockholders and directors of Bethlehem Steel, headquartered nearby in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, and other local manufacturing businesses. While Riegel lived elsewhere in Riegelsville, he maintained the house. Various Riegel family retainers and tenants later lived there from 1880 until 1985. Benjamin Riegels great-great-grandson lived in the house as late as the 1990s.</p><br>
<p>In 1987, in recognition of the historical significance of the house, it was added to the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>The Vansant Farmhouse, also known as Overlook Valley Farm, is an historic, American home that is located near Rushland, Wrightstown Township, Bucks County, Pennsylvania.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1977.</p><br>
<h2>History and architectural features</h2><br>
<p>The original section of this historic farmhouse was built in 1768. It is a two-story stone structure that measures approximately fifteen feet square, and has a one-story kitchen addition. The main house was added circa 1820, and is a two-story, stuccoed-stone structure. A one-story porch was added during the twentieth century.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1977.</p><br>
<p>Waldenmark, also known as the Edward Fischer House, is an historic, American house, studio, garage, and guesthouse complex that is located in Wrightstown Township, Bucks County, Pennsylvania.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2001.</p><br>
<h2>History and architectural features</h2><br>
<p>The house, studio, and garage were designed by architects Walter Gropius and Marcel Breuer and built in 1939. The guesthouse was completed in 1948 and was designed by Breuer. The main house is a two-level, flat roofed dwelling in the International Style. A frame structure with redwood and stone sections, it features curved walls, ribbon windows, and a freeform stone patio. The studio is a frame structure with redwood siding with a saltbox and shed roof profile. The guesthouse is a long, two-story building with a cantilevered second floor and uneven gable roof. The complex was built for artist Edward L. Fischer and his wife Margrit, who were friends of Gropius and Breuer through Bauhaus.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2001.</p><br>
<p>The Isaiah Warner Farmstead is an historic, American home and farm complex that is located in Wrightstown Township, Bucks County, Pennsylvania.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2004.</p><br>
<h2>History and architectural features</h2><br>
<p>The original section of the house was built in 1793, with additions that date to circa 1830 and 1935. It is a two-and-one-half-story, stone farmhouse with a slate-covered gable roof that was erected in three sections. It measures sixty-four feet long and approximately twenty feet deep and as designed in the Federal style. Also located on the property are two two-story, nineteenth-century frame barns and a shed, a corn crib and a chicken house that date</p><br>
<p>to the early 20th century.</p><br>
<p>This property was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2004.</p><br>
<p>The Wrightstown Octagonal Schoolhouse, also known as the Wrightstown Eight Square School and the Penns Park Octagonal School, is an historic, American, one-room school building that is located in Wrightstown, Wrightstown Township, Bucks County, Pennsylvania.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2007.</p><br>
<h2>History and architectural features</h2><br>
<p>Built in 1802, this historic structure is a one-story, one-room, stone schoolhouse building that has a wood-shingled, pyramidal roof and small terra cotta chimney.</p><br>
<p>It operated as a subscription school from the time of its construction until 1850. It was then used as a farm outbuilding, and, during the 1980s, as an artist&#39;s studio. It was restored in 1996 by the Wrightstown Township Historical Commission.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2007.</p><br>
<p>Historical society volunteers hold an open house here on the third Sunday of each month from May through October. Open house hours are 1:00 p.m. to 5:00 p.m. Admission is free.</p><br>
<p>The Shelly School, also known as "The Little Red Schoolhouse," is an historic, American, one-room school that is located in Richland Township, Bucks County, Pennsylvania.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2007.</p><br>
<h2>History and architectural features</h2><br>
<p>Built in 1885, this historic structure is a one-story, one-room, brick schoolhouse building that measures twenty-eight feet wide and thirty-four feet deep and has a slate-covered gable roof. The front entrance is covered by a slate-covered, shed roof. The school closed in 1956, and the building re-opened as a local history museum starting in 1959.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2007.</p><br>
<p>The Jefferson Avenue School is an historic American school building that is located in Bristol, Bucks County, Pennsylvania.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.</p><br>
<h2>History and architectural features</h2><br>
<p>Built in 1908, this historic structure is a three-story, fieldstone schoolhouse building with limestone trim, a hipped roof, and a basement. It features Georgian Revival detailing, including a large central frontispiece with a large semi-elliptical window. About 1986 the school was renovated and became apartments or condominiums.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.</p><br>
<p>The Levi Sheard Mill, also known as Sheard&#39;s Mill and the John S. Clymer Mill, is an historic, American grist mill that is located in East Rockhill Township, Bucks County, Pennsylvania.</p><br>
<p>It was placed on the National Register of Historic Places on December 18, 2006. The Sheard&#39;s Mill Covered Bridge, which is situated next to the mill, is also listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>History and architectural features</h2><br>
<p>The first section of this historic structure was built circa 1825, with three additions built into the early twentieth century. The mill was purchased by Levi Sheard in 1844. In 1916, ownership was transferred to brothers Rubin and John Clymer. The mill continued to operate until the 1970s.</p><br>
<p>A sign placed in front of the mill indicates the importance of the grist mill to the surrounding area. Currently the property is used as a campground.</p><br>
<p>It was placed on the National Register of Historic Places on December 18, 2006.</p><br>
<p>The Sheards Mill Covered Bridge is located in East Rockhill Township and Haycock Township, Bucks County, Pennsylvania next to the Levi Sheard Mill. The bridge was built in 1873, and is 15 ft and 130 ft, making it one of Bucks Countys longest bridges. The bridge crosses the Tohickon Creek on Covered Bridge Road.</p><br>
<p>The bridge was added to the National Register of Historic Places on December 1, 1980.</p><br>
<p>The Langhorne Manor School, now known as Langhorne Manor Borough Hall, is an historic, American one-room school building that is located in Langhorne Manor, Bucks County, Pennsylvania.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2008.</p><br>
<h2>History and architectural features</h2><br>
<p>Built in 1891, this historic structure is a small -story building with stone-faced, wood-frame walls and a slate covered hipped roof. Designed in the Queen Anne style, it measures thirty-three feet wide by forty-three feet deep. The roof features two eyelid dormers and a gable dormer with fishscale shingles. The school was converted to a borough hall in 1959.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2008.</p><br>
<p>The Ridge Valley Rural Historic District is an area of Ottsville, Tinicum Township, Bucks County, Pennsylvania that includes Sheephole and Geigel Hill Roads. The area contains 19th century farms, many of which have stayed the same through preservation efforts. There are 44 buildings and 15 structure on the seven sites throughout the historic district.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1992.</p><br>
<p>The Walt Disney Elementary School is an historic American elementary school building that is located in Tullytown in Bucks County, Pennsylvania. It is part of the Pennsbury School District.</p><br>
<h2>History and architectural features</h2><br>
<p>Erected between 1953 and 1955, with expansions made in 1964 and, again, between 1967 and 1969, this historic structure was originally built to accommodate the growing population with the development of Levittown. Dedicated on September 24, 1955, the ceremony was attended by the school&#39;s namesake Walt Disney (1901-1966).</p><br>
<p>This historic structure features a one-story, original section that was erected as a steel frame building that was faced in orange brick and had a flat roof. Reflective of the Modern Movement, it also features large, multi-framed rectangular windows with aluminum sashes. The first expansion was undertaken to create space for a library and the second to provide a two-story classroom and larger library. The building was subsequently renovated between 2005 and 2006.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2007.</p><br>
<p>The Uneek Havana Cigar Company, also known as the Sprecht Clothing Company, is an historic, American factory building that is located in Blooming Glen, Hilltown Township, Bucks County, Pennsylvania.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2007.</p><br>
<h2>History and architectural features</h2><br>
<p>Built between 1907 and 1910, this historic structure is a two-and-one-half-story, rectangular, brick building that measures eighty feet by thirty-two feet and sits on a stucco-covered, stone foundation. It has a low-pitched gable roof with broad overhangs reflective of the Arts and Crafts movement and was built and occupied by a cigar manufacturer until 1919, after which it housed a clothing manufacturer into the 1950s. It then housed various light manufacturing activities until 2004.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2007.</p><br>
<p>The Teller Cigar Factory, also known as the Sprecht Clothing Company, is an historic, American factory building that is located in Sellersville, Bucks County, Pennsylvania.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1987.</p><br>
<h2>History and architectural features</h2><br>
<p>The original section of this historic structure was built circa 1866, and was then expanded in 1895. It is a -story, stone structure that was expanded with the addition of a -story, brick structure. Both were plastered and have gable roofs.</p><br>
<p>The building, which ten bays wide and four bays deep, represents the transition of the cigar industry from home-based manufacture efforts to large manufacturing facility production. It was occupied by a cigar manufacturer at least into the 1920s, and was later used as a warehouse for a plumbing and heating supply company.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1987.</p><br>
<p>The Jacob Funk House and Barn is an historic home that is located in Springfield Township, Bucks County, Pennsylvania.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2007.</p><br>
<h2>History and architectural features</h2><br>
<p>This historic house consists of three sections; the oldest was built circa 1792. It is a -story, stone dwelling which measures forty feet wide by twenty-eight feet deep. It was designed in the Georgian style.</p><br>
<p>The oldest section is a two-story, two-bay, stone structure that is two rooms deep. Sometime around 1855, a two-story, three-bay extension was added to the east gable. A kitchen and bath addition was built circa 1930. The house was remodeled in the Colonial Revival style roughly between 1945 and 1955, at which time a one-story addition and deck were added to the rear of the house. Also located on the property are a contributing stone bank barn (c. 1810) and stone spring house (c. 1855).</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2007.</p><br>
<p>The Springhouse Farm, also known as the Eric Knight Farm, is an historic, American home and farm complex that is located in Springfield Township, Bucks County, Pennsylvania.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2007.</p><br>
<h2>History and architectural features</h2><br>
<p>This historic house is a Georgian-style, stone farmhouse that was built circa 1808. An addition was later erected circa 1941. Other contributing buildings and structures are a stone and frame bank barn (c. 1810) with a carriage house addition (c. 1890), a stone spring house (c. 1810), a stone root cellar (c. 1810), a corn crib (c. 1895), a man-made pond (c. 1940), an outdoor oven (c. 1940), and an privy (c. 1900). The property also includes the burial site for Toots, the dog that inspired the story "Lassie Come-Home." Toots died in 1945; the burial site marker was added circa 1970. The story&#39;s author, Eric Knight (1897-1943), resided at Springhouse Farm from 1939 to 1943.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2007.</p><br>
<p>Smith Family Farmstead, also known as Riverside, is a historic home located at Upper Makefield Township, Bucks County, Pennsylvania. It was built in 1767, and is a -story, three bay by two bay, gable roofed stone dwelling. A one bay by two bay, stone and frame addition was built in 1945. Also on the property is a contributing two-story stone building used as a garage. It was the birthplace of USA Senator from Indiana Oliver H. Smith .</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1978.</p><br>
<p>The William Smith House, also known as Brooks, is an historic, American home that is located in Wrightstown, Bucks County, Pennsylvania.</p><br>
<p>The oldest structure in Wrightstown and one of the oldest in the nation, it was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1974.</p><br>
<h2>History and architectural features</h2><br>
<p>The original section of this historic structure was built in 1686, and was a two-story, walnut log cabin. A fieldstone addition was built in 1690. The log section was subsequently covered in clapboard. Sympathetic modern additions were built in 1965 and 1968. It is the oldest structure in Wrightstown and one of the oldest in the nation.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1974.</p><br>
<p>The John Burroughs Homestead, also known as Shady Hill and the Lieutenant Colonel James Hendricks Headquarters, is an historic American home that is located in Taylorsville, Upper Makefield Township, Bucks County, Pennsylvania.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.</p><br>
<h2>History and architectural features</h2><br>
<p>This historic house dates to the eighteenth century and was built in four sections. The oldest section is a -story, uncoursed fieldstone structure. The second section is a -story, coursed fieldstone structure. The third section is a two-story, random-coursed fieldstone structure, and the fourth section is a small, one-story frame vestibule. Also located on the property are a contributing -story, fieldstone carriage house, tool shed, and a stone-and-frame caretaker&#39;s cottage.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.</p><br>
<p>Byecroft Farm Complex, also known as "Old Congress," is a historic home and farm complex located in Buckingham Township, Bucks County, Pennsylvania. The oldest section of the main house was built in 1702, with three later additions. It consists of a central block with three wings. The central block was built in 1732, and is a -story, three-bay coursed fieldstone structure. The northeast wing consists of the original one-story structure built in 1702, with a second story added in 1775. A wing to the southwest was added in 1775, and expanded to 2 1/2-stories about 1830. In 1934-1935, a -story, two-bay, addition was built onto the southwest wing. The house is reflective of the Georgian style. Also on the property are the contributing Old Bye Barn , carriage house / studio , two-story frame barn, small carriage house / cottage, and pumphouse and well house.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.</p><br>
<p>Riverside Farm, also known as Evermay-on-the-Delaware, is an historic, American hotel that is located near Erwinna, Tinicum Township, Bucks County, Pennsylvania.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1988.</p><br>
<h2>History and architectural features</h2><br>
<p>The house is a three-and-one-half-story, six-bay, frame, vernacular dwelling with Greek Revival and Italianate influences. The oldest section of the main house was built during the late eighteenth century as a two-story, three-bay frame structure. Additions to the house occurred were made roughly between 1870 and 1883, when this structure took its present form.</p><br>
<p>A stairwell addition was built in 1982. The front facade features a one-story, flat roofed porch. Also located on the property are a contributing tenant house, a carriage house, a shed, and a ice house. The house was built as a private dwelling, then converted for use as a hotel and resort starting about 1870. It operated as an inn until 1930. It reopened in 1982 as a bed-and-breakfast known as EverMay On-The-Delaware. But was closed in 2005 and now operates as a private residence.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1988.</p><br>
<p>The Penns Park General Store Complex, also known as the Gaines Property, is an historic, American commercial complex that is located in Penns Park, Wrightstown Township, Bucks County, Pennsylvania.</p><br>
<p>Situated south of the Penns Park Historic District, it was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.</p><br>
<h2>History and architectural features</h2><br>
<p>This complex consists of three primary buildings: a farmhouse, store building, and a frame bank barn, along with six outbuildings. The farmhouse was built in 1810, and is a two-and-one-half-story, six-bay, rectangular, fieldstone building that was designed in the Georgian style. The store building was built in 1836, and is a three-story, three-bay by three-bay, fieldstone building. The outbuildings consist of a storage shed, wagon building, chicken house, livestock barn, woodshed, and outhouse. The store housed a post office until 1971.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.</p><br>
<p>Penn&#39;s Park General Store Farmhouse 01.JPGFarm House (1810).</p><br>
<p>Penn&#39;s Park General Store 02.JPGStore House (1836).</p><br>
<p>Penn&#39;s Park General Store Barn 01.JPGBank Barn (west side).</p><br>
<p>Penn&#39;s Park General Store Barn 04.JPGBank Barn (north side).</p><br>
<p>Penn&#39;s Park General Store Barn 02.JPGCentral Plaza and Barn.</p><br>
<p>The Bridge in Solebury Township is an historic stone arch bridge located at Carversville in Solebury Township, Bucks County, Pennsylvania, United States. It has two spans, each 20 feet long, and was constructed in 1854. It is constructed of roughly squared stone.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1988.</p><br>
<p>Bridge in Solebury PA 02.JPGEast side</p><br>
<p>Bridge in Solebury PA 03.JPGBridge and Carversville Rd., view from south</p><br>
<p>Bridge Valley Bridge, also known as Pettit&#39;s Bridge and Eight-Arch Bridge, is an historic stone arch bridge located in Warwick Township, Bucks County, Pennsylvania, United States. It crosses Neshaminy Creek. It is eight spans, each 27 feet long, and was constructed in 1804. It is constructed of ashlar stone with rubble and dirt infill. It remained in vehicular use until 1970.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.</p><br>
<p>The Antiguo Casino de Puerto Rico, located at Avenida Ponce de León 1 in San Juan, Puerto Rico, is a Beaux Arts architecture style building dating from 1917. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1977, and on the Puerto Rico Register of Historic Sites and Zones in 2000.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Antiguo Casino de Puerto Rico was the brainchild of a group of citizens, known as the Asociación del Casino de Puerto Rico, who requested then San Juan mayor Francisco del Valle Atiles a place to establish a new social club. The building was designed by Montilla & Ferrer and construction began under the supervision of the Del Valle Zeno brothers&#39; firm. Construction for the new building started in 1913, with a budget of $80,000. Lack of funds caused the construction to shut down. Construction restarted in 1914, with the Jiménez y Benítez engineering handling the building work. In 1915, construction was halted once again, It was restarted a year later with sculptor José Albrizzio designing the interior. The Antiguo Casino de Puerto Rico was finally inaugurated on July 24, 1917.</p><br>
<p>During World War II, the building was used as an officers&#39; club by the United States Army. Shortly after the end of the war, in 1946 the building was transferred to the government of Puerto Rico, who turned it into the Escuela Libre de Música Ernesto Ramos Antonini.</p><br>
<p>By 1955, the school was relocated and the building became the first headquarters of the Instituto de Cultura Puertorriqueña, serving in that function until 1970. In the early 80s, the Puerto Rico Department of State converted the building into the Official Reception Center of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico. In 2010, management of the facility was turned to the Puerto Rico Convention District Authority, a government agency of Puerto Rico. The Convention District Authority manages a number of facilities in the Convention Center District, in San Juan, Puerto Rico, including the Puerto Rico Convention Center.</p><br>
<h2>Features</h2><br>
<p>Designed in a Beaux Arts style, the Antiguo Casino features gardens, balconies, moldings, white marble floors, and a grand central staircase. One of its distinguished features is the ballroom&#39;s twelve-foot chandelier. The building is also known for its use of mirrors in the interior decoration.</p><br>
<p>The building has become a popular venue for weddings, particularly destination weddings, quinceañeras and corporate events.</p><br>
<p>Casino-de-Puerto-Rico.jpgImage from 1921</p><br>
<p>Antiguo Casino de Puerto Rico en la noche.jpgAntiguo Casino de Puerto Rico at night</p><br>
<p>Antiguo Casino de Puerto Rico 2013.jpgAntiguo Casino de Puerto Rico in 2013</p><br>
<p>Casino from down the street.jpgCasino at end of nearby street</p><br>
<p>The Whilldin Building is the former office of Alabama architect David Oliver Whilldin. Located on 21st Street North, now Richard Arrington Junior Boulevard North, in Birmingham, Alabama, the building was designed and built by Whilldin during 1923 and 1924 and added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1982. The site is now the office of the Wininger Law Firm.</p><br>
<p>Whilldin designed the structure to appear as two separate buildings. The larger, white half of the building is covered with a smooth limestone and features four Tuscan pilasters that carry an entablature and the cornice.</p><br>
<p>The smaller, left half of the building, held Whilldin&#39;s personal office. It is set slightly back from the street and faced in dark brick with terra cotta and stone detailing. The most remarkable aspect of the left facade is the entrance. Full-sized drawings detail the ring of acanthus leaves, the beribboned wreath panel, and the consoles that support the arched hood over the entry vestibule. A band of yellow terra cotta continues across the facade from the lintel of the door to the space above the windows. Within this band appears the inscription "D.O. WHILLDIN, ARCHITECT".</p><br>
<p>In 2012, David Wininger, the current owner of the building, commissioned a New York Yankees themed mural on the side of the structure. Depicted are: Babe Ruth, Lou Gehrig, Joe DiMaggio, Mickey Mantle, Derek Jeter, and Yogi Berra.</p><br>
<p>The Los Rios Historic District is an historic district and neighborhood in the city of San Juan Capistrano, California. With buildings dating to 1794, it is the oldest continually occupied neighborhood in the state. The nearby Mission San Juan Capistrano was the first of the 21 California Missions to have Indians, soldiers and workers live outside the mission grounds. Three adobes remains in the Los Rios neighborhood itself, although there are a number of others close by which were part of what was once a larger neighborhood.</p><br>
<p>The neighborhood originally had 40 adobe structures, but most were replaced in the 19th century by wooden board and batten structures. Thirty-one of the buildings on Los Rios Street and the surrounding area are listed on the National Register of Historic Places as of 1983.</p><br>
<p>The Abbie Greenleaf Library is the public library in Franconia, New Hampshire. It is located at 439 Main St. in the center of the main village, in a Jacobethan building designed by William H. McLean and built in 1912. The building was a gift to the town from Charles Greenleaf and named in honor of his wife. Greenleaf was owner of the Profile House, a major resort hotel in Franconia. The library had an addition designed by Carter & Woodruff of Nashua built in 1971. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2003.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The Abbie Greenleaf Library is located on the north side of Franconia&#39;s Main Street, just east of its town hall. It is a single-story masonry structure, finished in yellow brick with gray sandstone trim. It has a red ceramic tile roof, which is adorned with a pair of eyebrow dormers and flanked by a pair of end chimneys. A gabled entrance pavilion projects at the center of the facade, the entrance recessed in an opening with a low-pitch gabled top, and framed by a shouldered cornice. Small windows flank either side of the entrance on the projection, and there are bands of three windows on the main facade on either side of the projection. The interior is richly appointed in mahogany woodwork, with marble wainscoting and terrazzo tile floors.</p><br>
<p>The building was the first (and thus far only) purpose-built library building in the community. Its first library, a social lending library that charged a small fee, was founded in 1880 by summer residents, and this collection grew until it formed the basis for the towns free public library. It was originally housed in the towns general store, and was eventually moved to the local school, where the collection continued to grow. The present library building was built in 1912 to a design by William H. McLean of Boston, Massachusetts, paid for by Charles Greenleaf, proprietor of the Profile Hotel. Greenleaf made a further endowment bequest for the building&#39;s upkeep in his will, which was given to the town upon his death in 1924.</p><br>
<p>Forts Baker, Barry, and Cronkhite near Sausalito, California is a combination of historic sites that, as a group, was listed on the National Register of Historic Places  in 1973. Fort Baker is a major part. Fort Barry was constructed in 1900-1901 with 5 gun batteries, and Fort Cronkhite was built in 1914 following lengthy negotiations between the US Army and the state of California.</p><br>
<p>It includes or is associated with the Lime Point Tract Reservation and the Tennessee Point Military Reservation. The Lime Point Tract Reservation is a historic name for Fort Baker, which became the new name in 1897.</p><br>
<p>The NRHP listing included one contributing building, 14 contributing structures and three contributing sites, with an area of 25 acre.</p><br>
<p>Cavallo Point, now a conference center or hotel, is included.</p><br>
<p>There is at least one notable example of Stick/Eastlake architecture included.</p><br>
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<p>Atkinson Road Bridge, also known as County Bridge 305, is a historic stone arch bridge located in Solebury Township, Bucks County, Pennsylvania. It spans Pidcock&#39;s Creek. It has three spans, each approximately 20 feet long, and was constructed in 1873. It is of random rubble construction and built of native fieldstone.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2002.</p><br>
<p>Bridge in Yardley Borough was a historic stone arch bridge located at Scammells Corner in Yardley, Bucks County, Pennsylvania. It had a single span, 13 feet long, and was constructed in 1889. It was constructed of coursed rubble masonry.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1988. Sometime after listing, the bridge was replaced with a concrete bridge span.</p><br>
<p>Eagle Tavern is an historic inn and tavern located at Upper Makefield Township, Bucks County, Pennsylvania, which was built circa 1800.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978.</p><br>
<h2>History and architectural features</h2><br>
<p>The original section was erected sometime around 1800. It is a -story, two-bay stone structure with a steeply pitched gable roof.</p><br>
<p>A larger section that is a -story, three-bay-by-three-bay, stone structure was added in 1854. It features eyebrow windows on the front and rear facades.</p><br>
<p>During the 19th century, the building was used as a hotel, store, post office, and polling place. It was later converted to a single-family residence.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978.</p><br>
<p>The Colleton County Courthouse was built in 1820. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1971. The building is located corner of Jeffries and Hampton Streets in Walterboro, South Carolina. The building was put on the register as an example of Greek Revival architecture and also due to its historical significance, since the first meeting on nullification was held in the building in 1828.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In 1817, Walterboro became the seat of Colleton County. The design of the courthouse is attributed to the architect Robert Mills. The building was completed in 1820 by Charleston contractors, J. & B. Lucas.</p><br>
<p>In June 1828, Robert Rhett, participating in the first meeting on nullification, which was held in the courthouse building, delivered a speech which urged John Taylor, the governor of South Carolina, to immediately convene a session of the state legislature. Another nullification meeting was held in October of the same year.</p><br>
<p>In 2023, the courthouse was the venue for the Trial of Alex Murdaugh.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The courthouse building has two storeys and is made of brick. The entrance is built as a portico with four Tuscan columns and two staircases with ironwork railings. The courtroom is located in the second floor. The basement is raised.</p><br>
<p>The original building from 1820 was considerably altered in 1939, when two wings were built.</p><br>
<p>Forschools of a similar nameSummerfield School </p><br>
<p>The Summerfield School, located off US 271 in Summerfield, Oklahoma, USA, was built in 1937 as a Works Progress Administration project. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1988.</p><br>
<p>It is a single-story hipped-roof four-room 421 by building built of native sandstone. Its design is from an Oklahoma State Dept. of Education pattern book.</p><br>
<p>It was deemed significant because its construction provided jobs, for providing a better learning environment for children, and for its architectural uniqueness within its community.</p><br>
<p>Youngerman Block is a three-story commercial building in downtown Des Moines, Iowa, incorporating Italianate architecture, with later alterations that introduced Art Deco detailing. Built in 1876, the Youngerman Block was designed by architect William Foster  for Conrad Youngerman.</p><br>
<h2>Conrad Youngerman</h2><br>
<p>Youngerman was a local builder, born in Wichdorf, Germany in 1833 who had apprenticed as a stonecutter in Germany. Following military service in Germany he emigrated to the United States in 1854 and moving to Iowa with his new wife Meine in 1856. He became a prominent local stonemason, participating in the construction of the original Polk County Courthouse in 1861, and establishing a brickmaking business. Youngerman&#39;s materials business expanded into the production of "asbestine," an artificial building stone that could be used in lieu of natural stone, which was expensive and scarce in central Iowa.</p><br>
<p>Youngerman served three terms as a city alderman and was a trustee of two banks. Two blocks from the present Youngerman Block, Youngerman built another building with the same name, an eight-story building completed in 1891, now demolished. An 1896 account stated that Youngerman "has erected many of the large public business and manufacturing buildings, also many of the fine residences, churches and school-houses of Des Moines...." About the 1891 building it states "In 1890 he erected and still owns the Youngerman Block, a handsome brick block, eight stories in height, 132 feet front on Fifth street and 66 feet on Mulberry street. It contains about 140 business offices." Youngerman died in 1901.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Youngerman Block is a three-story masonry structure abutting the NRHP-listed Randolph Hotel, which lies to its south on 4th Street. The ground floor is arranged as two retail tenant spaces fronting on the street. The southern unit, 206 4th Street, is 67 ft deep, while the northern unit, 208, is 78 ft deep. Upper levels vary in size, with three stories over 208, but the rearmost 20 ft of 206 only one story. The upper levels are faced with "asbestine" made by Youngermans manufacturing operation, all presently painted gray. The upper levels are dominated by arched windows with prominent, intricately detailed surrounds, more elaborate on the third floor. The top of the facade is ornamented by a pressed metal cornice. Larger brackets at each end and in the middle help to define the buildings two primary bays. The upper two floors on the street side feature eight tall, narrow arched windows with flattened tops on each level.</p><br>
<p>The ground-floor storefront was remodeled in 1935, using new masonry and red ceramic tile block. The new facade, which corporates Art Deco motifs, is notable contrast with the upper levels, but is itself a notable example of the style in Des Moines. The transoms at the leftmost door at 206 and at 208&#39;s storefront are inclined inward in an apparent Egyptian reference. Decorative green tiles line the sills under the store windows. The rear and side elevations are of common brick with irregular placement of sash windows.</p><br>
<p>The interiors have been extensively altered. In the early 20th century the upper levels were joined to the adjoining Randolph Hotel. The Randolph at one time was planned to be expanded over the lot occupied by the Youngerman Block. The connection apparently removed this requirement, but the differences in floor elevations between the buildings required stairs to transition. Some of the transoms and trim remain from the original building on the upper floors, particularly at exterior windows. Presently a wide main hallway runs from the Randolph across the upper floors, bending and narrowing over 208 to run to the rear of the building, with a stairway over 206.</p><br>
<h2>Present</h2><br>
<p>The Youngerman Block was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on June 10, 2009.</p><br>
<p>The Norlin Quadrangle Historic District comprises the core of the main campus of the University of Colorado campus in Boulder, Colorado. The twelve buildings were designed to reflect a variety of architectural styles. The quadrangle was named after University of Colorado president George Norlin. Buildings on the quadrangle include the Norlin Library, Woodbury Arts and Sciences Building, Old Main, the Hale Science Building, University Theater, Macky Concert Hall and the Women&#39;s Studies Cottage.</p><br>
<h2>Design</h2><br>
<p>According to its 1979 NRHP nomination, there are four types of buildings in the district: pioneer Victorian brick buildings including the Old Main building; stone buildings with Gothic or Romanesque Revival stylings; two light brick European ones; and the "Rural Italian Renaissance buildings" designed by Charles Klauder. The quadrangle occupies much of the land that was donated by Boulder residents for the university in 1872.</p><br>
<p>Klauders initial plans were developed in 1919, proposing the demolition of most of the older buildings in the area. The universitys rapid growth discouraged the removal of buildings, and the quadrangle&#39;s design evolved to accommodate them. In addition to the landscape design and exterior architectural character of the district, the interiors of the component buildings show a notable attention to detail.</p><br>
<h2>Major components</h2><br>
<p>The chief contributing buildings in the district are:</p><br>
<p>Old Main (1876), E.H. Dimick, architect</p><br>
<p>Macky Auditorium (1902-1922), Gove and Walsh, architects</p><br>
<p>Woodbury Arts and Sciences Building (1890), F.A. Hale, architect</p><br>
<p>Norlin Library (1939), Charles Z. Klauder, architect</p><br>
<p>Ekeley Chemical Laboratories (1898, 1925, 1973), Ernest Varian original structure, Klauder 1925</p><br>
<p>Hellems Arts and Sciences Building (1921), Klauder</p><br>
<p>University Theater 1921, Klauder</p><br>
<p>Guggenheim Geography Building (1902)</p><br>
<p>Cottage Number 1 (1885)</p><br>
<p>Hale Science Building (1892-1895)</p><br>
<p>Koenig Alumni Center (1885), Varian</p><br>
<p>McKenna Languages Building (1937), Klauder</p><br>
<p>Norlin Quadrangle was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on March 27, 1980.</p><br>
<p>Leipers Fork Historic District is a 18 acre historic district in Leipers Fork, Tennessee that was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1998. The area has also been known as Benton Town and as Hillsboro.</p><br>
<p>It includes Queen Anne and Bungalow/Craftsman architecture.</p><br>
<p>When listed, the district included 54 contributing buildings and 21 non-contributing buildings. The eligibility of the property for NRHP listing was addressed in a 1988 study of Williamson County historical resources.</p><br>
<p>The Samuel B. Lee House, also known as Maplewood, is a house in Duplex, in the USA state of Tennessee that was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1988. The listed area was increased from 72 to 398 acre and the property listing name was changed to Maplewood Farm 1993.</p><br>
<p>When originally listed the property included five contributing buildings and one non-contributing structure on 72 acre.</p><br>
<p>The boundary increase listing mentions five contributing buildings, one contributing site, and two contributing structures.</p><br>
<p>The Financial Historic District, previously known as the Fifteenth Street Financial Historic District, is a historic district in Washington, D.C. The boundaries of the historic district include 38 buildings, 2 of which are non-contributing properties. Before 2016, the historic district included 20 buildings. The construction of the Treasury Building just east of the White House played a significant role in the financial districts development. Major banks and other financial institutions wanted to be close to the Treasury Building; therefore, many of the historic districts buildings were constructed along 15th Street NW, from Pennsylvania Avenue to I Street.</p><br>
<p>Many of the buildings on 15th Street were constructed in the Beaux-Arts style, inspired by the City Beautiful movement of the late 1890s and early 1900s. Additional architectural styles represented in the historic district include neoclassical, Colonial Revival, and Renaissance Revival. Architects who designed these buildings included local and national prominent people. Those represented in the historic district include local architects Jules Henri de Sibour, Appleton P. Clark Jr., Waddy Butler Wood, George S. Cooper, Mihran Mesrobian, Paul J. Pelz, George Oakley Totten Jr., and B. Stanley Simmons. Architects from other parts of the country that designed buildings in the historic district include James H. Windrim, Bruce Price, York and Sawyer, Voorhees, Gmelin and Walker, Cass Gilbert, and Carrère and Hastings, amongst others.</p><br>
<p>The historic district was added to the District of Columbia Inventory of Historic Sites (DCIHS) in 1984, one month after Rhodes&#39; Tavern was demolished after a long legal battle to save the building. The historic district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) in 2006. In 2016 and 2017, the historic district was renamed the Financial Historic District and expanded to better include the historic financial center in downtown Washington, D.C.</p><br>
<p>Amongst the contributing buildings in the historic district are three National Historic Landmarks: the Lafayette Building, the Treasury Building, and the United Mine Workers of America Building. In addition, there are around 20 additional contributing properties that are individually listed on the NRHP.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>The original historic district was called the Fifteenth Street Financial Historic District. The boundary included buildings along 15th Street NW between Pennsylvania Avenue and McPherson Square in downtown Washington, D.C.</p><br>
<p>The modified boundaries began with the property line behind The Investment Building on the northwest corner of 15th and K Streets, which is the northwest boundary of the historic district. The boundary passes across 15th Street to the property lines behind buildings facing K Street and Vermont Avenue. It then heads south on Vermont Avenue, crossing K Street, and going behind property lines facing McPherson Square. The boundary crosses I Street and goes behind properties facing 15th Street before crossing H Street. It runs behind the properties facing 15th Street and crosses New York Avenue behind the National Savings and Trust Company.</p><br>
<p>The boundary takes an easterly turn and runs along New York Avenue until 14th Street. It then runs south until the Colorado Building, where it reaches behind the property&#39;s line. The boundary crosses G Street and runs behind the Federal-American National Bank on the southeast corner of 14th and G Streets. These two buildings are the eastern boundary of the historic district. The boundary crosses G Street mid-block and runs behind property lines of buildings on the northwest corner of 14th and F Streets, which are not included in the historic district. Mid-block on F Street, the boundary crosses the street and goes behind the properties facing 15th Street, at the southern terminus of the district, Pennsylvania Avenue.</p><br>
<p>The boundary then runs west, south of the statue of Alexander Hamilton, until reaching Executive Avenue beside the White House. It runs north along this street until the rear property line of the Freedman&#39;s Bank Building on Pennsylvania Avenue and Madison Place, before heading north once again. It excludes other buildings on Madison Place that face Lafayette Square, running behind their property lines. Once at H Street, the boundary runs west until Vermont Avenue. It then runs north until I Street, where it again turns west to include the United Mine Workers of America Building and run behind the property lines of buildings facing McPherson Square. The western boundary then runs north and meets at the original northwest boundary location.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>19th century</h3><br>
<p>The financial history of the historic district began in 1799 when the first USA Treasury building was constructed on 15th Street NW, east of the White House. In 1824, the Second Bank of the United States built a branch on the corner of 15th Street and Pennsylvania Avenue NW, though the bank lost its federal charter in 1836. The building was later occupied by Corcoran and Riggs, the precursor to Riggs Bank. That same year construction started on the new Treasury Building after the first one was destroyed by arson.</p><br>
<p>The east wing and central portion of the new Greek Revival Treasury Building was designed by Robert Mills, who would later design the Washington Monument. The building was constructed across the street from Rhodes&#39; Tavern, erected in 1799 and home to the Bank of the Metropolis, which moved one block north in 1836. The tavern was then occupied by Riggs Bank from 1837 to 1845. The gradual transition of 15th Street NW to a financial district occurred in the 19th century, mostly due to the Treasury Building and banks desiring to be near it. The Corcoran Building was constructed in the late 1840s on a lot between F Street and Pennsylvania Avenue NW.</p><br>
<p>Residences that had been built in the financial area were razed and replaced with commercial properties as the downtown area of the city shifted west from 4th Street and Pennsylvania Avenue. The Treasury Building was enlarged from 1855–1861 after Ammi B. Young and Alexander Hamilton Bowman designed the south wing. During the Civil War the Treasury Building was enlarged again after Isaiah Rogers designed the west wing. The final expansion of the Treasury Building, the north wing, was designed by Alfred B. Mullett and completed in 1869. The building became the central feature of the citys banking industry and represents the first phase of the financial districts growth.</p><br>
<p>The Corcoran Building was demolished and replaced with a larger version in 1875. Beginning in the 1880s, the current financial district grew rapidly. The National Savings and Trust Company, designed by James H. Windrim in 1888, is an example of Queen Anne style architecture and one of the most imposing buildings in the historic district. The next imposing financial building that opened at the intersection of 15th Street and Pennsylvania Avenue NW was the headquarters of Riggs National Bank. The neoclassical building was designed by York and Sawyer in 1898.</p><br>
<h3>20th century</h3><br>
<h4>1900s to 1940s</h4><br>
<p>After the Worlds Columbian Exposition in 1893, the City Beautiful movement began, and Beaux-Arts architecture became a popular style throughout the country, especially in Washington, D.C. This represented the second phase of the financial districts development. The first Beaux-Arts building in the financial district, the Bond Building at 14th and New York Avenue NW, was designed by George S. Cooper. Banks had a desire to build imposing, grand headquarters and branches to display their financial success, and Beaux-Arts was seen as the grandest style of the time. In addition to the Bond Building, this was shown in the 1900s with construction of the Colorado Building at 14th and G Streets NW, designed by Ralph S. Townsend in 1902; the National Metropolitan Bank Building built in 1907 and designed by B. Stanley Simmons; and the W. B. Hibbs and Company Building, constructed in 1908 and designed by Bruce Price and Jules Henri de Sibour.</p><br>
<p>Buildings constructed in the 1900s in the financial district that are not Beaux-Arts include the neoclassical style Keith-Albee Building, designed by de Sibour, and the Union Trust Building, designed by Wood, Donn & Deming. The one vernacular style building on 15th Street is the Swartzell, Rheem and Hensey Company Building, completed in 1908 and designed by Paul J. Pelz.</p><br>
<p>The 1910s saw continued growth in the city&#39;s banking industry; therefore new elaborate buildings were constructed in the financial district. The Southern Building, designed by D. H. Burnham & Company in the Renaissance Revival style, features terra cotta details. The Federal-American National Bank, designed by de Sibour and Alfred Bossom, is a neoclassical building that is one of three surviving banking properties at the intersection of 14th and G Streets NW, the others being the Colorado Building and Commercial National Bank, designed by Waddy Butler Wood. Another neoclassical building constructed that decade is the Liberty National Bank, designed by Holmes and Winslow.</p><br>
<p>Additional buildings that were constructed in the 1910s and are examples of the Renaissance Revival style are the Woodward Building, designed by Harding & Upman, and the United Mine Workers of America Building, designed by George Oakley Totten Jr. Beaux-Arts buildings constructed in the 1910s include Hotel Washington, which replaced the Corcoran Building and was designed by Carrère and Hastings, and the Treasury Annex, which replaced the Freedman&#39;s Savings Bank at the corner of Madison Place and Lafayette Square and was designed by Cass Gilbert.</p><br>
<p>The early 20th century saw a gradual shift of McPherson Square transitioning from being a residential area to a commercial one. The Davidson Building, designed by Simmons, was constructed in 1917 in the colonial revival style. It would become the first of many new commercial properties facing the square. Another Colonial Revival commercial property, the Colonial Mortgage Building, was built in 1924 and designed by George N. Ray. It was during the 1920s that many of the buildings in the financial district were constructed.</p><br>
<p>The Denrike Building, designed by Appleton P. Clark Jr., is a Gothic Revival property in the financial district and was completed in 1926. Renaissance Revival buildings completed in the 1920s are the Bowen Building and The Investment Building, both designed by de Sibour, the Shoreham Building, designed by Mihran Mesrobian, and Second National Bank, designed by Clark Jr. Neoclassical buildings constructed in the 1920s are the Edmonds Building, designed by Eugene Waggaman, the B.F. Saul Building, designed by George N. Ray, the Washington Building, designed by Coolidge, Shepley, Bulfinch and Abbott, the Peyser Building, designed by Ray, and the Southern Railway Building, designed by Wood. One exception to the common architectural styles represented in the financial district is the Securities Building, which was designed in the Jacobethan style and designed by the Wardman Construction Company.</p><br>
<p>Only three buildings in the financial district that were constructed in the 1930s remain: the neoclassical American Security Building designed by York and Sawyer, the Art Deco Walker Building designed by Porter and Lockie, and the neoclassical Lafayette Building, designed by A.R. Clas Associates and Holabird & Root. The last building to be included in the historic district is the modernist Wire Building, designed by Alvin L. Aubinoe and completed in 1949.</p><br>
<h4>1950s to 1990s</h4><br>
<p>In the 1960s, 1510 H Street NW was heavily damaged due to an adjoining construction accident to the property and was later demolished in the 1980s. On October 15, 1966, the Pennsylvania Avenue National Historic Site was added to the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP). A portion of the Fifteenth Street Historic District was included in the National Historic Site, with the Treasury Building and Hotel Washington designated as contributing properties.</p><br>
<p>In the late 1970s and 1980s, a dispute occurred between historic preservationists and real estate developers that wanted to demolish Rhodes Tavern, then the oldest commercial building in downtown Washington, D.C. A court ruled in 1980 that the tavern could be demolished to make way for a $75 million mixed-use project called Metropolitan Square. The following year the District of Columbia Court of Appeals rejected an appeal of the decision. In late 1981 the United States Supreme Court refused to hear a petition that would overturn the D.C. Court of Appeals&#39;s decision. There was a potential compromise to move the building, but preservationists insisted it stay in the same place.</p><br>
<p>Legal battling between the two sides continued into the mid-1980s. After the USA Supreme Court again denied an appeal by preservationists in 1984, the group realized they were out of legal options. The Fifteenth Street Historic District the city listed on the District of Columbia Inventory of Historic Sites (DCIHS) in 1984 did not take legal effect until October 5, 1984. The building was demolished in September 1984 after the D.C. Court of Appeals lifted an injunction that prevented local officials from razing Rhodes Tavern. The façades of the Keith-Albee Building and the National Metropolitan Bank Building were preserved, and construction of Metropolitan Square was later completed. Fifteen years later a memorial plaque was added to the site where Rhodes Tavern once stood.</p><br>
<p>In 1988, there was another legal battle about historic preservation in the historic district when city officials approved a demolition request for the Woodward Building, despite it being a contributing property. A leader of a local historic preservation group said "There is no sanctity left in historic designations if this sort of thing can happen. It just makes a mockery of the preservation law." With assistance from the Committee of 100 on the Federal City, preservationists continued a legal battle for the next two years. The building was ultimately saved.</p><br>
<h3>21st century</h3><br>
<p>The Fifteenth Street Historic District that had been listed on the DCIHS on October 5, 1984, was added to the NRHP on October 12, 2006. The historic district was expanded in 2016 to include a larger portion of the city&#39;s financial district, not just the ones on 15th Street NW. The renamed Financial Historic District was added to the DCIHS on July 28, 2016, and the NRHP on January 12, 2017. The number of contributing properties increased from 20 to 36. Two buildings in the historic district were constructed in the late 20th century and are non-contributing: 901 15th Street NW and 1015 15th Street NW.</p><br>
<h2>List of contributing buildings</h2><br>
<p>The William Thomas Turner Barn was built in 1898 near Gardner, Kansas, United States. The Turner barn is regarded as an outstanding example of barn construction, built by Arthur J. Clinton, a highly regarded barn builder. The barn has been extensively photographed and has been featured in magazines, greeting cards, calendars and other publications.</p><br>
<p>The barn was built to a high standard of craftsmanship, using red cypress, a durable wood not often used in Kansas. The barn has a limestone foundation. The barn has two levels. The barn measures 62 ft wide, 40 ft deep and 45 ft high overall. It is capped by two large wood ventilators. The interior has two main levels, with a large hayloft on the upper level. The lower level has intersecting corridors running down the center between the facades, with accommodations for 15 horses and three grain bins.</p><br>
<p>The Turner barn&#39;s exterior materials and detailing are in a remarkable state of preservation. It was placed on the National Register of Historic Places on April 1, 1999.</p><br>
<p>The Turner Barn is still owned by the Turner Family and is open to the public.</p><br>
<p>The George W. Morton House is a property in Nolensville, Tennessee, United States, that was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1988. It was built c.1870.</p><br>
<p>The property&#39;s eligibility for NRHP listing was addressed in a 1988 study of Williamson County historical resources.</p><br>
<p>The site was relocated in Nolensville on February 4, 2019, after which time it was removed from the National Register.</p><br>
<p>The Samuel S. Morton House is a property in Franklin, Tennessee that was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1988. It has also been known as Lillie House.</p><br>
<p>The listing included three contributing buildings and one contributing structure on 3.4 acre.</p><br>
<p>The property&#39;s eligibility for NRHP listing was covered in a 1988 study of Williamson County historical resources.</p><br>
<p>The Dranesville Tavern that was located in Dranesville, Virginia dates from 1850. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1972.</p><br>
<p>It was a "wagon stand" type of tavern, catering to teamsters.</p><br>
<p>The proposed widening of Route 7 in the mid-1960s threatened the Dranesville Tavern. In 1968, the building was moved 130 feet from its original location to preserve it.</p><br>
<p>Hotel Ottumwa, formerly known as the Parkview Plaza, is an historic building located in downtown Ottumwa, Iowa, United States. Built as a first-class hotel from 1916 to 1917, it is significant for the part it played in the citys social history and commercial development. By 1915, what had been Otuumwas first-class hotel, the Ballingall Hotel, was in decline and a group of local businessmen met to plan for the new development. They organized a corporation to sell shares to the local citizens. A total of 309 people bought shares, with the average investment being $500. A further $150,000 was realized by selling bonds. A banquet was held on September 4, 1917, and a grand reception and ball was held two days later to celebrate the opening of the hotel. Over the years various businesses occupied the main floor storefronts. Bowling alleys were added in the basement in 1927. Radio station WIAS broadcast from the hotel from 1928, when it moved to Ottumwa from Burlington, Iowa, until 1934 when it went off the air. Major renovations were undertaken in 1939, 1951, and 1982. The building remains a hotel. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2012.</p><br>
<p>The Neoclassical building was designed by the prominent Des Moines architectural firm of Proudfoot, Bird and Rawson. The six-story brick structure rises to a height of 71.5 ft. The reinforced concrete structure was built by the J.C. Mardis Company. The exterior of the building is covered in dark brown brick and features classical details in terra cotta. From the third to the sixth floors the building is U-shaped. It is capped with a galvanized iron cornice decorated with egg-and-dart, dentils, triglyphs and metopes, rosettes, and swags.</p><br>
<p>The William Dixon Fowler House was built around 1901 in Spartanburg County, South Carolina by William Dixon Fowler. The Queen Anne style house is believed to have been built from plans published by prolific residential architect George F. Barber. The wood-frame house features a high level of carpentry and detailing. The house&#39;s chief features are a wrap-around porch, a porte-cochere, and a second-story turret embedded in the slope of the main roof. A contemporaneous smokehouse is also considered a contributing feature.</p><br>
<p>The Fowler House was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on February 8, 2012.</p><br>
<p>The Blair House of Washington, Iowa, formerly used as the towns City Hall, was built in 1881. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1973. It was built as a private residence by a local financier and realtor Winfield Smouse. The Blair family lived here from 1882 to 1891, followed by C.J. Wilson. It then housed the Commercial Club from 1903 to 1926 and they added a gymnasium and club rooms on the south side. The building housed the Washington City Hall from 1926 to 1972. They added a larger front porch, a fire station to the east side of the house and hung the fire bell in the tower. It is one of the few Victorian houses that remains in this area. The 2½ story structure follows an irregular plan. Its exterior is composed of brick and both the main block and the tower are capped with a mansard roof. Des Moines architect William Wagner said the Blair House is a "little gem-a miniature Terrace Hill", a reference to the present Iowa Governors Mansion.</p><br>
<p>The Lorenzo Hubbell Trading Post and Warehouse is located in the western part of the historic center of the city of Winslow, in Navajo County, Arizona.</p><br>
<p>The building was built in 1917. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2002, in the Winslow Historic District. It currently serves as the Winslow visitor center.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The building was constructed by Hubert and Richardson in 1917. It was bought by Don Lorenzo Hubbell in 1921 and turned into a trading post for goods exchange with Navajo. It was one of about thirty trading posts owned by Hubbell and his family, and one of the two wholesale stores (another one was located in Gallup, New Mexico).</p><br>
<p>In 2002, it was restored and became a western gateway to the Winslow Historic District.</p><br>
<p>Acequia Madre de Valero is an 18th-century agricultural irrigation canal built by the Spanish and located in the Bexar County city of San Antonio in the USA state of Texas. When Martín de Alarcón founded San Antonio for Spain by establishing San Antonio de Valero Mission in 1718, Franciscan priest Antonio de Olivares and the Payaya and Pastia peoples, dug Acequia Madre de Valero by hand. It was vital to the missions to be able to divert and control water from the San Antonio River, in order to grow crops and to supply water to the people in the area. This particular acequia was the beginning of a much wider irrigation system. Acequia Madre de Valero ran from the area currently known as Brackenridge Park southward to what is now Hemisfair and South Alamo Street. Part of it that is not viewable by the public runs beneath the Menger Hotel. The acequia was restored in 1968 and that same year was designated a Recorded Texas Historic Landmark.</p><br>
<p>Acequia Madre de Valero was the initial phase of what became a 45-mile network put in place by the Franciscan priests to provide water for the missions and their agricultural endeavors. Part of this system is adjacent to the Johann and Anna Heidgen House at 121 Star Street, and was a contributing factor in placing the house on the National Register of Historic Places listings in Bexar County, Texas in 2004. The acequia is lined with native limestone, a facet of Spanish engineering techniques. Some later stonework in the overall network was added by German immigrants. The full system involved placement of dams, canals and sluice gates. The complete network served residents of San Antonio until late in the 19th century. The Texas Historical Commission placed the historic landmark plaque on a limestone block at the Hemisfair section of Acequia Madre de Valero.</p><br>
